Key Ideas
[Unit 2]
There are eight key ideas in this unit:
- To construct a standard for loop, use, for example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// do stuff, sometimes using i,
// but usually not changing i
} - You can loop through an array by using the loop index and
the array index:
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
intArray[i] = i * 10;
System.out.println(intArray[i]);
}
- There is nothing to stop you using the same index to loop through multiple
arrays if the same size (or the non-condition one is larger):
for (int i = 0; i < intArrayA.length; i++) {
intArrayA[i] = intArrayB[i] * 10;
System.out.println(intArrayA[i]);
}
- You can nest loops inside each other, in which case the
inner loop is run to completion each time the outer loop increments:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
System.out.println(i + " x " + j + " = " + i*j);
}
}
- This is especially useful when looping through 2D arrays:
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < intArray[i].length; j++) {
intArray[i][j] = 10;
System.out.println(intArray[i][j]);
}
}
- To construct a standard if-else statement, use, for example:
if (i == 10)
// do stuff
} else {
// do something else
}
- If you have multiple conditions, and you know the probabilities associated with your conditions, use
an if/else/if ladder, putting the most probable highest:
if (i == 10) {
// do stuff
} else if (i == 9) {
// do stuff
} else if (i == 8) {
// do stuff
} else {
// do stuff
} - If you aren't sure of the probabilities and you have more than ~three options, use a
switch statement:
String greeting = "Hello";
switch (greeting) {
case "Hello":
System.out.println("Hello");
break;
case "Hi":
System.out.println("Hi");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Bonjour, mes ami");
}
Here's some code which uses these ideas:
int [] intArray = new int[10];
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
intArray[i] = i;
}
int[] tempArray = new int[intArray.length];
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
tempArray[i] = intArray[i];
}
intArray = null;
intArray = new int[tempArray.length - 1];
int deletePosition = 6;
for (int i = 0; i < deletePosition; i++) {
intArray[i] = tempArray[i];
}
for (int i = deletePosition; i < tempArray.length; i++) {
intArray[i - 1] = tempArray[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
System.out.println(intArray[i]);
}
And some more: what do you think the difference between print and println is? What do you think this code does? Can you think of a way to test it on a small array?
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < intArray[i].length; j++) {
System.out.print(intArray[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println("");
}
Here's some code which uses these ideas to shift an array down a row, avoiding the boundary problem:
for (int i = 0; i < arrayA.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arrayA[i].length; j++) {
if (i != 0) {
arrayB[i][j] = arrayA[i - 1][j];
} else {
arrayB[i][j] = arrayA[arrayA.length - 1][j];
}
}
}